What are assist gases in laser cutting?
Assist gases are used in laser cutting to improve the quality and efficiency of the cutting process. They help purge the molten material and prevent it from re-solidifying on the surface. They also help cool the material, preventing distortion or deformation. Nitrogen, oxygen, and compressed air are the most commonly used assist gases in laser cutting.
Types of assist gases
There are three main types of assist gases used in laser cutting machines: oxygen, air, and nitrogen. Different gases have different effects when cutting different materials. Below is a detailed introduction to the three gases:
1. Oxygen
Oxygen primarily serves as a combustion aid in laser cutting. Using oxygen increases cutting speed and is particularly suitable for cutting thick plates, high-speed cutting, and extremely thin plates. Oxygen is an ideal choice for mass-produced carbon steel plates and thicker carbon steel structural parts.
2. Compressed Air
Air is suitable for cutting aluminum, non-metallic materials, and galvanized steel plates. It helps reduce oxide films and saves costs. Air cutting is typically used for thinner materials and less demanding cut surfaces, such as in industries like sheet metal chassis, cabinets, and cabinetry.
3. Nitrogen
Nitrogen is an inert gas that prevents oxidation and burning of the cut surface during cutting. It is an ideal choice for applications requiring a more precise cut surface or for products that will be exposed to the elements. It is commonly used in the decoration industry, aerospace, and other industries.
Conclusion
When choosing an assist gas, consider the material being cut and its thickness. Increasing the gas pressure in a laser cutting machine can increase cutting speed, but beyond a certain value, further increasing the pressure will actually reduce cutting speed. Therefore, choosing the right assist gas and pressure is crucial for improving cutting quality and efficiency.
